Riksbank and Banxico cut interest rates by 0.25%. BoE, Norges Bank, and PBoC left rates unchanged

At the end of Thursday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) was up 0.04%. The S&P 500 Index (US500) decreased 0.09%. The Nasdaq Technology Index (US100) lost 0.47%. The US economic reports released on Thursday were mostly stronger than expected and pushed bond yields to a 6-month high, which pressured the indices. The US Q3 GDP was unexpectedly revised upward to 3.1% (q/q annualized), stronger than expectations of no change at 2.8%. The US weekly initial jobless claims fell by 22,000 to 220,000, indicating a stronger labor market than expected at 230,000. The US home sales for November rose by 4.8% m/m to an 8-month high of 4.15 million, stronger than expectations of 3.2% to 4.09 million. 

On Friday, markets await key inflation data: the PCE Core Price Index for November, the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, to see if policymakers can continue to cut interest rates. The Core PCE Index for November is expected to rise to 2.9% y/y from 2.8% y/y in October.

The Mexican peso remained above 20.3 per US dollar, near the one-month low of 20.37 seen on December 18, after the Bank of Mexico (Banxico) cut rates to 10% and signaled further easing, possibly with larger cuts, depending on the pace of disinflation and economic conditions.

Equity markets in Europe were mostly down on Thursday. Germany’s DAX (DE40) fell by 1.35%, France’s CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 1.22%, Spain’s IBEX 35 (ES35) lost 1.53%, and the UK’s FTSE 100 (UK100) closed down 1.14%. The GfK Consumer Confidence Index in Germany for January rose by 1.8 to minus 21.3, beating expectations of minus 22.5. The Bank of England (BOE) left the benchmark rate unchanged at 4.75%. Bank of England Governor Bailey stated that a “gradual approach” to future rate cuts remains the right approach, and we cannot determine when and by how much to cut interest rates in 2025.

Norway’s Norges Bank kept its key rate unchanged at 4.5% at its December 2024 meeting, in line with market expectations, but said rates will likely be cut in March 2025. Policymakers have kept the interest rate at a sixteen-year high of 4.5% since December 2023, helping to cool the Norwegian economy and lower inflation. Sweden’s Riksbank cut its key rate by 25 bps to 2.50% at its December meeting, confirming market expectations. This is the fifth rate cut this year, for a total of 150 bps, in response to the continued decline in inflation and stabilization of inflationary pressures. This was reflected in November core inflation, which came in at 1.6%, the lowest level since July 2021, remaining below the central bank’s 2% target for the fourth consecutive month. 

The US natural gas (XNG/USD) prices rose to $3.5 per MMBtu on Thursday, the highest in more than a year, as bets on higher global LNG demand boosted domestic consumption. EIA data showed utilities withdrew more than 100 billion cubic feet of natural gas from storage for the second straight week, extending the expected withdrawal season. In addition, uncertainty over whether Europe will continue to receive Russian gas via Ukraine prompted investors to take long LNG positions as EU countries seek alternative gas sources. 

Palladium prices slipped below $900 an ounce (XPD/USD), near their lowest level in four months, foreshadowing a fall of more than 18% for the full year amid slowing industrial demand, hawkish Fed monetary policy, and supply growth projections. 

Asian markets were mostly down yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) was down 0.69%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) was down 0.41%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) lost 0.56%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) was negative 1.70%. Chinese stocks rose on Friday. The rally followed the latest policy decision by the People’s Bank of China (PBoC), which left one-year and five-year lending rates unchanged at 3.1% and 3.6% respectively, matching market expectations. Earlier this month, senior Chinese officials pledged to adopt “more active” fiscal measures and “moderate” monetary policy easing next year to boost economic growth, signaling a shift away from the more cautious approach of the past decade. 

Malaysia’s annual inflation rate eased to 1.8% in November 2024 from 1.9% in the previous month, below the market estimates of 2.1%. Core Consumer Prices, excluding volatile fresh food and administrative expenses, rose 1.8% y/y, holding steady for the third month and remaining at the slowest pace in six months.